KOKAGE
Under the big tree
The guide of Homeschooling in Japan
Educational Glossary
When making a request to a school or receiving an explanation from a school, understanding the meaning and intent of the school's terminology will facilitate communication.
General education / compulsory education
General education / compulsory education
The terms " general education" and "compulsory education" are clearly defined in the Fundamental Law of Education and the School Education Law. Each has a dual interpretation. It is necessary to change the wrong understanding that "compulsory education" means school education.
教育基本法 Basic Act on Education
第二章 教育の実施に関する基本
Chapter II Fundamentals Concerning the Provision of Education
（義務教育 Compulsory Education)
第五条 国民は、その保護する子に、別に法律で定めるところにより、普通教育を受けさせる義務を負う。
Article 5(1)The people are obligated to have the children who are under their protection receive a general education pursuant to the provisions of other Acts.
2 義務教育として行われる普通教育は、各個人の有する能力を伸ばしつつ社会において自立的に生きる基礎を培い、また、国家及び社会の形成者として必要とされる基本的な資質を養うことを目的として行われるものとする。
(2)The general education that is provided in the form of compulsory education is to be provided with the aim of cultivating the foundations for an independent life within society while developing the abilities of each individual, and also with the aim of fostering the basic qualities that are necessary in the people who make up our nation and our society.
👉 Japanese Law Translation
学校教育法 School Education Law
第二章 義務教育 Chapter 2 Compulsory Education
第十六条 保護者（子に対して親権を行う者（親権を行う者のないときは、未成年後見人）をいう。以下同じ。）は、次条に定めるところにより、子に九年の普通教育を受けさせる義務を負う。
Article 16 A guardian (a person who has custody of a child (when there is no person who has custody, a guardian of a minor); the same shall apply hereinafter) shall give the child nine years, pursuant to the provisions of the next article. Obliged to receive general education.
生涯学習の理念 Concept of Lifelong Learning
教育基本法 Basic Act on Education
第三条 国民一人一人が、自己の人格を磨き、豊かな人生を送ることができるよう、その生涯にわたって、あらゆる機会に、あらゆる場所において学習することができ、その成果を適切に生かすことのできる社会の実現が図られなければならない。
Article 3A society must be brought into being in which the people can continue to learn throughout their lives, on all occasions and in all places, and in which they can suitably apply the outcomes of their lifelong learning to refine themselves and lead fulfilling lives.
Right to education / learning
Reference: "Let's change! The system is the bottleneck in Japanese school system education ”by Akio Furuyama
Public school
学校教育法 School Education Law
第一章総則 第一条
この法律で、学校とは、幼稚園、小学校、中学校、高等学校、中等教育学校、特別支援学校、大学及び高等専門学校とする。
Chapter 1 General Provisions Article 1 In this Act, schools shall be kindergartens, elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, secondary schools, special needs schools, universities and colleges of technology.
The public schools are called Ichijo Schools.
Night junior high school
It was in 2015 (平成27年) that a notice was issued on how to deal with middle school graduates (formal graduates) who have already graduated from middle school and wish to re-enroll in an evening middle school.
The government indicated that acceptance into night junior high schools is possible under the current system, even for junior high school students who are not currently attending school.
Democratic
Reference link "The logic of Japanese democracy"
"Many of the concepts that many Japanese consider democratic are actually Japanese rather than democratic. The Japanese are unaware of that. There, Japan There is a problem with democracy in Japan. "(Excerpt from the beginning of the sentence)
Guidance record
For reference, the entry form is published on the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology website, but the form differs depending on the board of education due to the continuous cooperation of elementary and junior high schools in each local government. Home school learning is not considered compulsory school education (a curriculum that follows the curriculum guidelines) and is not subject to grade evaluation. The guidance record is a record that is basically not disclosed unless requested by parents, and is passed on to the destination of higher education or transfer as information on the child and kept at the school.
The original document that records the learning and health status of the children and students enrolled in the school. Obligation to create and store at school (School Education Law Enforcement Regulations, storage is in principle 5 years. Records related to school registration are 20 years).
School Education Law Enforcement Regulations
<Article 24> (Guidance record)
(1) The principal shall refer to the guidance record of the children enrolled in the school (the original document recording the learning and health status of the children, etc. prescribed in Article 31 of the School Education Law Enforcement Ordinance. The same shall apply hereinafter). Must be created.
(2) When a child, etc. goes on to school, the principal must prepare an extract or a copy of the guidance record of the child, etc. related to the preparation and send it to the principal of the school.
(3) When a child, etc. transfers to another school, the principal makes a copy of the guidance record of the child, etc. related to the preparation, and the copy (for the child, etc. who has transferred to another school, the guidance record sent by the transfer) A copy is included.) And an extract or copy of the preceding paragraph must be sent to the principal of the transfer school.
* Handling of guidance records
* Guidance record reference style
Attendance treatment / learning evaluation
Study status other than attending classes may be considered as attendance for the purpose of the study record. To describe this, the number of days treated as attendance should be written in parentheses next to the number of days of attendance. For the evaluation of learning, the grade sheet for parental communication can be filled in with the statement, "Cannot be evaluated because of home study. However, on the instructional record, which is kept for a long period of time for communication between schools, a grade of "1" or the lowest possible grade should be entered. However, the principal may enter a descriptive statement of the student's learning status if requested by the student.
This is what is commonly referred to as the internal record that is employed, but attendance and grades are not a requirement for graduation. At the time of admission to high school, an internal report is not always required, as different regions and individual high schools have different percentages and methods of determining the results of the internal report and examinations. A self-recommendation letter and a portfolio are useful for taking the entrance examination under the school refusal quota. In the case of assuming a college entrance examination, we would rather consider judging the results of a high percentage of successful applicants as a substitute for an internal report.
* Curriculum Guidelines "Zest for Life" Q & A regarding learning evaluation (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology website)
* Regarding the handling of attendance in the guidance record when school refusal children engage in learning activities using IT, etc. at home (Notice) July 6, 2005 ⇒ Abolished
* Enhancement of support for school refusal children to study outside of school-Creating an environment according to the situation of individual children-February 13, 2017
※ for response in the event of truant students in high school is under consultation and guidance in public and private facilities outside the school (notification) March 12, 2009
* About positive response when school refusal children engage in learning activities utilizing IT etc. at home (office work contact) October 1, 2018
* Regarding the handling of attendance in the guidance record when simultaneous interactive lesson delivery is performed for sick children in elementary and junior high schools (Notice) September 20, 2018
※ "About the way of support to non-school students (notification)" Reiwa first year October 25
Attendance record
School Education Law Enforcement Regulations
Article 25 The principal (excluding the president) must prepare an attendance book for children enrolled in the school.
Students who do not commute to school may not have desks in their classrooms, not write their names on their shoe boxes, or not write their names in class newsletters, etc. Students who do not commute to school will still be included in the class and assigned a homeroom teacher.
Report card
The notification sheet is a home communication. For those families who choose schooling as their general education, there is an expectation that education at home will complement the learning in school.
The report card is a clue to how your child is doing in school and should be treated as a resource to consider what is needed at home to supplement learning, support, and lifestyle.
Homeschoolers, free schoolers, and alternative schoolers who are not school-based may tell the school not to prepare a report card if they feel that it is not of particular use to their families. This is because the grade on the report card is a comprehensive evaluation of the student's performance during the school day, based on the teacher's assessment of the student's performance. Homework cannot be included in the evaluation of the report card.
The purpose of the report card is to inform parents of their child's academic progress and to seek the understanding and cooperation of the family.
There is no legal basis for the obligation to prepare the report. The preparation, format, content, etc. are all at the discretion of each school principal.
Suspension of attendance
※ reference note What is - the ④ school closures special measures from the "school closures request" attendance Stop "? 』\
Obligatory School Attendance System and Obligatory Education System
*Reference
Issues of the School Attendance Obligation System" (May 2010)
1 Problem Areas of School Attendance Obligation 2 Educational Obligation and School Attendance Obligation 3 Problems Caused by Non-fulfillment of School Attendance Obligation II School Attendance Obligation and School Attendance Security 1 School Attendance Obligation for Children Not Attending School 2 School Attendance Security for Children with Disabilities 3 School Attendance Issues for Foreign National Children 2 Direction of School Attendance Obligation
Education in the family support / Children and child-rearing support
What is the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [Education in the family Support]?
"Education in the family" is an educational act performed in the home, and it is a "lifelong learning" that continuously learns to improve one's qualities according to the developmental stage, age, etc. for a lifetime. It is one. For example, there is "discipline" that parents give to their children, which parents and guardians give to their children.
And "Education in the family support" means to "support" it, and the target is the parent (guardian).
Parenting = Self-raising = Supporting parents' own learning
"Education in the family support" provided by the field of education is an area of adult education in which parents (guardians) provide Education in the family on with a sense of security and confidence and support learning to grow up with their children.
It refers to the provision of hands-on learning opportunities for children and their parents, the provision of "parental learning", and education in the family course held at public halls and welfare facilities.
What is the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare [Children / Child-rearing Support]?
"Child-rearing support" provided by the field of child welfare and welfare is mainly aimed at parents with infants, and mainly provides child-rearing support services. In addition, direct support is provided to children, such as support for children with problems such as bullying and withdrawal, and support for protecting children from abuse.
Example:
～ Support for child-rearing families ～
(1) Enhancement and strengthening of consultation support system (2) Reduction of financial burden on child-rearing families
-Support for balancing child-rearing and work-
(1) Enhancement of various childcare services (2) Improvement of working environment such as working environment and working conditions
～ Support for children in need ～
(1) Promotion of independence support measures for children who are abusive, bullying, or refusing to attend school (2) Support for health promotion of mothers and children
⇒ It means to support the financial, educational, and welfare of the entire society such as the administration to support the funds and educational ability necessary for parents to raise their children. Children's allowance, childcare leave, and infant classes held at public halls and welfare facilities. Etc.
Reference material " Current situation and issues surrounding home education (PDF)"